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A poster featuring the insignia of various armed forces officers during the Second World War.
Medieval Military Rank
Intelligence agencies or other institutions organized along military lines. The military rank system determines dominance, authority and responsibility in the military hierarchy. It includes the principles of the exercise of power and authority in the military chain of command – the succession of commanders from superiors to subordinates through which command is exercised. The military chain of command is an important part of organized cooperation.
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For most of military history, classification systems have been known to benefit military operations, particularly in terms of logistics, command, and coordination. Over time and as military operations grew and became more complex, military ranks grew and classification systems became more complex.
Rank is used not only to indicate leadership, but also to determine pay grade. As the position increases, the pay grade and scope of responsibility increase.
In modern armed forces, the use of ranks is almost universal. Communist countries sometimes abolished ranks (e.g. the Soviet Red Army 1918–1935,
One for each of the t "tribes" created by the establishment of democracy. Strategos means "leader of the army"
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And is usually translated "common." Originally these gerals worked together with the old polemarch ("leader of the army"), but over time the latter was incorporated into the geralship: each of the t gerals in turn served as polemarch for one day, and on that day his vote served as a bond. circuit breaker if necessary.
T gerals were equal to each other. There was no hierarchy among them, but the basic form of democracy prevailed: for example, in the battle of Marathon in 490 BC. n. no. the generals decided the battle plan by majority vote. However, individual generals could be granted special allocations; there was inevitably a regular division of responsibilities.
The rank below the supreme general was the taxiarchos or taxiarchos, sort of like a modern brigade commander. In Sparta, however, the title was "polemarchos". Below this was the syntagmatarchis, which can be translated as "regimental leader" (syntagma) and was therefore similar to the modern colonel. Below him was the tagmatarches, the commander of a tagman (close to the modern battalion). The value was roughly the same as the value of a Roman legionary legate. Next came the lokhagos, an officer who commanded an infantry unit called a lokhos, about a hundred meters long, similar to a modern company led by a captain.
The Greek cavalry (hippikon) was called hipparchia and was commanded by epihipparchos. The unit was divided into two and led by two hipparchus or hipparchus, while the Spartan cavalry was led by a hipparmost. Hypotoxotes was a mounted archer. A body of Greek cavalry was led by a tetrarch or tetrarch.
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The ranks and members of the army of most Greek city-states were made up of ordinary citizens. Heavily armed foot soldiers were called hoplites or hoplites, and the hoplomachos was a teacher of drill or weapons.
When Aths became a naval power, the supreme commanders of the land forces also controlled the naval fleets. Under them, each warship was commanded by a trièrarchos or trierarch, a word that originally meant "three officers" but was retained when other types of ships came into use. In addition, as in modern navies, tasks related to ship management were delegated to different subordinates. More specifically, the kybernètès was the helmsman, the keleustēs controlled the speed of the oars, and the trièraulès was the flutist who kept the speed of the oar stroke. After further specialization, the naval strategist was replaced by the nauarchos, a naval officer equivalent to an admiral.
With the rise of Macedonia under Philip II. Under the Macedonians and Alexander the Great, the Greek army became professional, tactics developed and added value developed. The infantry were organized into phalanxes of heavy infantry called phalangites. They were among the first trained soldiers and fought close together in a compact rectangular formation, usually eight feet deep, with a leader at the head of each column (or line) and a secondary leader in the middle, so that the back line could be moved to the sides if more frontage was needed .
The tetrarchy was a unit of four sects and the tetrarch or tetrarch was the commander of the four orders; dilochia was a double file and dilochitès was a double file leader; lochos was one file and lochagos was the leader of the file; dimoiria was a half file and dimoirites was a leader of a half file. Another name for the half-file was hèmilochion, where hèmilochitès was the leader of the half-file.
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However, different types of units were divided differently and therefore their leaders had different titles. For example, in the ts number system, a dekas or dekania was a unit of t headed by a dekarchos, a hekatontarchia was a unit of a hundred headed by a hekatontarchos, and a khiliostys or khiliarchia was a unit of a thousand headed by a khiliarchos.
The cavalry, of which Alexander was the most famous (in the military profession), became more and more versatile. There were units of heavy cavalry and winged cavalry (ilè), the latter commanded by an ilarchos.
The use of formalized ranks was widely used in Roman legions after the reforms of Marius. However, the comparison to modern ranks can only be loose, as the command structure of the Roman army differed greatly from the organizational structure of its modern counterparts, which emerged from the early modern commercial societies of the Thirty Years' War rather than from the military. The writings of the 4th century Roman writer Vegetius and Caesar's comments on Gaul and the civil war.
The so-called military command was a political office in Rome. The commander had to be equipped with an empire, a political-religious concept. The king who owned it (rex sacrorum) was strictly forbidden to possess it, lest it return to the monarchy. In the Republic, command was limited to consuls or (rarely) praetors, or in emergencies the dictator. After the establishment of the office, proconsuls were used. In Imperial times, each legion was commanded by an emperor, who was technically either a consul or a proconsul.
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The commander could appoint a deputy, the so-called of legate (legatus). The association of the word "legatus" with "legion" is a folk etymology, since the meaning of legatus is "proxy" or "voy". Legates were usually elected from the Roman state for three years. The political nature of the high military leadership was reflected here in that the legions were always subordinate to the governor and only the second and subsequent legions stationed in the province had their own Legatus legionis. The actual commanders and deputies were together modern generals.
Immediately behind the commander (or his legate) were six military tribunes (tribuni militum), five of whom were young horsemen and one a state nobleman. The latter is called the Laticlav tribune (tribunus laticlavius) and was the second in command. If in modern divisions the deputy commander is a brigadier general, the Latinklave tribune can be translated with this rank, even if he did not command any formation of his own. The other tribunes are called tribuni angusticlavii and correspond to staff officers from both ranks: major, lieutenant colonel, colonel and in administrative positions. They did not command their own formation. The term military tribune is sometimes translated "colonel"—notably by the late classicist Robert Graves in his Claudius novels and Suetonius' translation of the Twelve Emperors—to avoid confusion with the political "tribunes of the people"; Moreover, they should not even be confused with the "military judges in consular authority" who could replace the consuls in the early days of the republic.
The third highest officer of the legion above the tribunes of Angustislavia was the praefectus castrorum. He too would have held the rank of colonel in modern armies, but he differed significantly from the tribunes in that his office was not part of the more administrative cursus, but was usually staffed by ex-commanders. (Modern armies have a similar distinction in the lower ranks - that is, between officers and NCOs.)
The warrior m of a legion were formed into "ranks", ranks of m that fought as a unit. In Marius' new system, the legions were divided into t cohorts (cohorts) (roughly equivalent to a battalion and directly subordinate to a legion), each consisting of three manipuri, each consisting of two centuries (a rather small company in modern sense ), each 60–160 meters long. Each cturium was headed by a cturion (cturio, traditionally translated centurion), who was assisted by several lower officers, such as the optio. Centuries were still divided that way
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